This article examines the connection between weather and migraine. It also discusses other environmental triggers and treatments for the condition.
Migraine is a chronic headache condition that affects approximately 14% of adults in the United States. While many people with migraine report weather as a trigger, studies on this topic have produced varied results.
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Changes in humidity
There may be a connection between humidity, temperature, and migraine attacks. However, more research is needed to understand this connection.
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One possible connection between dry weather and migraine may be dehydration. Dehydration is a common trigger of migraine attacks.
Changes in temperature
Another possible trigger for migraine may be changes in temperature. However, research on this connection is varied.
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Storms
There is limited direct research on the connection between storms and migraine.
A 2013 study found that lightning was a trigger for some people with migraine. However, the reason behind this connection is unknown. The study suggests it could be due to electromagnetic waves, the production of bioaerosols such as ozone, or the release of fungal spores.
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Other environmental factors, such as light and smoking, may also trigger migraine.
Sunlight
Bright light is a known trigger for many people with migraine. Some research has suggested that sunlight in particular may produce this triggering effect.
A small study from 2013 found that in some people with migraine, sunlight was the only trigger for an attack. This effect was more likely during the summer when the sun is brighter. However, it is not clear whether this was due to the intensity of sunlight or another factor, such as how the light enters the retina.
Smoking
Smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke are listed as common migraine triggers. However, the relationship between them is not clear.
A review from 2015 states that there were conflicting data regarding the connection between smoking, tobacco use, and migraine. However, it also states that people with migraine may wish to consider avoiding smoking or using tobacco products. Along with the possibility of triggering migraine, tobacco use is associated with other negative health effects.
Another study from 2018 suggests there is a connection between the frequency of smoking and migraine. Those who smoked between 6–10 cigarettes per day were more likely to experience migraine attacks than those who smoked fewer.
Treatment for migraine typically includes:
- nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- triptans
- anti-nausea medication
- preventive medication
- lying down in a darkened room
Effective treatment can vary from person to person. Work with your doctor to create the most effective treatment plan for you.
Deena Kuruvilla, M.D., has reviewed these questions people frequently ask about migraine and the weather.
What weather makes migraine worse?
Cold or dry weather may trigger migraine in some people. Humidity levels have also been found to affect people with migraine.
How do I get rid of barometric pressure migraine?
Medications such as NSAIDs and triptans can help relieve migraine due to barometric pressure changes. You can also try lying in a darkened room until the episode passes.
Can you prevent barometric pressure migraine?
It is not always possible to prevent migraine due to changes in barometric pressure. However, some people can sense when the barometric pressure is changing and may become stressed. Managing stress through exercise, deep breathing, or relaxation techniques can help reduce your risk of migraine. Alternatively, speak with your doctor about preventive medications that may help.
The connection between weather and migraine is not fully understood. However, research suggests there may be a link between migraine and weather-related factors. These can include storms and changes in humidity and temperature.
It is not always possible to prevent migraine attacks. However, being aware of what can trigger them may help you reduce their frequency. Talk with your doctor about possible triggers and the most effective treatments for migraine.